(1998). Scientific misconduct and fraud is a prevailing problem in science and threatens to undermine integrity, credibility and objectivity in research (Fanelli 2009; Pickett and Roche 2018).It also risks undermining trust, both among researchers and the general public (Shamoo and Resnik 2009; Hansson 2011; Resnik 2014).It is therefore important to consider the possible means of countering … Stapel’s misconduct was sever, but while it resulted in his professional and, at least temporarily, personal downfall, the consequences of his wrongdoing were still manageable. In the last couple of decades, (mis)leading data, i.e. Now, your blog post misses focus and the part about preregistration comes out of nothing. I totally agree with you. For the purpose of our analysis, we focus on the complete list of 232 misconduct cases published between 1993 and 2014. The warning signs had been there all along. The cases did show that misleading data can have severe consequences. This past year was rich in scientific retractions of papers filled with poor processes and, in many cases, blatant fabrications. Scientific misconduct or criminal offence?. And, it would seem, it … Anne Peyroche, who was removed as interim head of France’s National Center for Scientific Research in January, committed scientific misconduct, according to the French Academy of Sciences. Although this topic is very serious, it was not heavy to read (because of your humor). In the last couple of decades, (mis)leading data, i.e. The warning signs had been there all along. I liked that you bolded some sentences, this made it easier to read. 2020. Punishing crimes of the mind: Sanctions for scientific misconduct as a case for the cultural theory of punishment. Catherine Offord. I think both of the cases you described are interesting examples in this topic. . Discussion Cases for MMS 250 . It also risks undermining trust, both among researchers and the general public (Shamoo and Resnik 2009; Hansson 2011; Resnik 2014 ). Duke University settles research misconduct lawsuit for $112.5 million. In poorly developed countries data on research misconduct are scare. I think you have chosen a very relevant and current case to illustrate the occurrence of misleading data going viral, so to say. Advance online publication. Scientific prize–granting organizations are … UNSW skin cancer researcher Levon Khachigian hit with string of retractions. The manuscript had amassed more than 50 comments about problematic figures and data on PubPeer. Your writing style is easy to read and keeps me interested. maybe jail ( I don’t tink that jail time is the good punishment tint his case). This is Part 3 of a series of 3, which also includes Part 1: Plagiarism, and Part 2: Falsification.. ... concerns over misconduct in the sciences. doi: 10.1177/1362480618756365 Really cool you also showed visual aids to help with building the narrative. Scientific Misconduct in Geoscience. @ lecturers: please don’t be mad at me. @Lectures, I already emailed on monday that I could not leave a comment on this blogpost., because on my screen I had no possibility for leaving a comment. All in all, great blog post! Scientific misconduct – and its consequences. I also liked how you used humor. Social stigma of scientific misconduct spills over to prior collaborators. Recent highly publicized cases of scientific misconduct have raised concerns about its consequences for academic careers. In Part 1 of this series, I showed some examples of plagiarism in scientific papers, which the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) considers one of the three forms of Research Misconduct. Case Summary: Panka, David. To illustrate the devastating consequences scientific misconduct can have by sidestepping preregistration and employing researcher degrees of freedom, I will draw on two very prominent cases in this blog-post. (2016) published a study drawing on the concept of researcher degrees of freedom. The idea that vaccines cause autism has been a persistent misbelief and it is thanks to Andrew Wakefield and 12 of his colleagues who ,in 1998, published a case series in the Lancet, which suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine may predispose to behavioral regression and pervasive developmental disorder in children (Wakefield et al., 1998). Change ). Intentionally spreading life threatening diseases is punishable by law, so why not prosecute people spreading knowledge that’s life threatening? Message to Duke Community About Research Misconduct Case. Yes, he did cause considerable damage to the reputation of the psychological scientific community but to demonstrate the devastating ramifications that the manipulation of scientific data and twerking of research practices can have on each one of us, I want to draw your attention to an even more serious case. Scientific misconduct – and its consequences. In a community where nobody has immunity from the measles virus, one infected person might infect 12 to 18 people, who might then each infect another 12 to 18 people and so on, resulting in an outbreak that is impossible to control. First Author Should Be Responsible for Paper Accuracy: Study. Should research misconduct be considered a criminal offence?. Magnitude of problem Human activity is associated with misconduct, and as scientific research is a global activity, research misconduct is a global problem. Nevertheless, the damage was already done. I really like that you took a closer look at the vaccinations-example, since I think that one is very interesting. There were numerous discrepancies in Wakfield et al.’s study. In our systematic review, we identified 16 studies reporting prevalence estimates of scientific misconduct and questionable research practices (QRPs) in psychological research. @writer of the blog, I also emailed you on Saturday :). Essentially, (mis)leading data refers to the concept of scientific misconduct, which is defined as the fabrication, falsification and plagiarism of scientific results (Gross, 2016). You showed some good examples of scientific misconduct en gave some deeper information to keep the attention of the reader. The Surgisphere Scandal: What Went Wrong? A second investigation by the school concludes that David Latchman, also the head of Birkbeck, University of London, was not involved in the image manipulation found in papers he coauthored. I personally feel that it helps in understanding the topic better and gives you a better, bigger picture. Interesting topic to discuss with my friends, curious what they think! Plagiarism, fabrication and falsification are often recognized as the core elements of scientific misconduct. ... 2019; Answer. As for the writing: thanks for the visuals! I talian thoracic surgeon Paolo Macchiarini and six of his colleagues, one of whom was a whistleblower, have been found guilty of scientific misconduct in the latest investigation into the infamous researcher’s work … Princeton University Press. With regard to your end statement, I totally agree with you. Document Category: Scientific Council. Here, we will look at the second type of misconduct, falsification. M. ISCONDUCT. To exterminate a disease, a society has to achieve herd immunity. However, I think it is a very interesting note to think about. • DID analysis of misconduct cases documented by US Office of Research Integrity. I think your last statement about criminalization is not as extreme as you think. Reporting Misconduct to the Journals. scientific data and findings that stem from flawed research, have become a hot topic in the science community. Mostly because the people who are affected by the misleading data, really believe what they want to believe. Preregistration is a good step, but even if this becomes mandatory it can still be manipulated. About your statement: You know what. Don’t be afraid, I don’t actually believe this. Case Summary: Tataroglu, Ozgur. However, unlike a tawdry affair, understanding what constitutes research misconduct is a lot more, well, scientific. Learn how your comment data is processed. Illinois-based Surgisphere Corporation had a brief moment in the limelight this year following its infamous study of hydroxychloroquine. This plan is send to a journal, where the research plan is peer reviewed, and when it is approved, the researchers receives an “in principle acceptance”, regardless of the results– of course only as long as they actually follow the preregistered research and analysis plan (Chambers, 2019). In our systematic review, we identified 16 studies reporting prevalence estimates of scientific misconduct and questionable research practices (QRPs) in psychological research. 9/26/2019 … The general idea of preregistration is that researchers preregister their research and analysis plan before collecting data. Share this story. However, I would have preferred it if you chose some other examples, since these two are very well known among students of this class (they were even discussed during the lectures). However, for that to be possible, I think first there needs to be some kind of system or commission that can detect fraud during the conduction of a study. Your end statement is thought provoking. 16 Oct. October. As you know, findings in Stapel’s world-renowned studies ranged from proving that “a trash-filled environment brings out racists tendencies in individuals” as well as that “eating meat made people selfish and less social” (New York Times, 2013). I do agree that criminalization is an answer to stop misleading data presented in research articles, especially when particular researches are about public health. Scientific misconduct and fraud is a prevailing problem in science and threatens to undermine integrity, credibility and objectivity in research (Fanelli 2009; Pickett and Roche 2018 ). National Academy Can Now Expel Scientists in Cases of Misconduct . You wrote a very interesting blog! In a world where information travels so fast, it is really hard to actually retract the results of the paper after it is already published. Two Plant Biologists Penalized by CNRS in France. Bone-health research was hit by a sprawling case of misconduct that affected tens of studies. For one, the sample size of 12 was extremely small and all of the 12 children‘s medical cases included undisclosed alteration and misinterpretation. With the internet, they have the freedom to fact-check every piece of data, however, because the misleading data confirms their beliefs, they don’t do this and remain misled by the false data. So what can be done against such severe cases of scientific conduct of Stapels and Wakefield? Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Duke Pays Whistleblower Millions In Research Fraud Case Duke University is paying the U.S. government $112.5 million to settle accusations that it submitted bogus data to … But to achieve herd immunity at least 17 of every 18 people (more than 94 percent) would need to successfully vaccinated. Share this story on ... we have taken important steps informed by this case to support and promote an environment and culture of scientific integrity ... the structure and function of research administration, with a focus on promoting research integrity, by June 30, 2019. The high-profile retractions of two COVID-19 studies stunned the scientific community earlier this year and prompted calls for reviews of how science is conducted, published, and acted upon. Police misconduct may spread like a contagion, new study suggests. In September 2019, the government released national regulations on investigating and addressing academic integrity. Gross, C. (2016). I guess that criminalization indeed would be even better. Not only it was well-structured. 2019 at 11:38am. 25, 2019 , 1:50 PM. Seven Researchers Guilty of Misconduct in Macchiarini Case. ( Log Out / The small detours I actually also liked, but maybe that’s personal preference. He does not seem motivated about the … A Lancetreview on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries gave examples of policy definitions. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In September and October 2019, I sent each journal a description of the problems in the specific article each had published, as well as a description of the broader evidence for misconduct across articles. • Citations to prior collaborators drop by 8–9% after publication of misconduct. 4-6 During the last 5 years, JAMA and the JAMA Network journals have published 12 notices of Retraction about 15 articles (including recent Retractions of 6 articles by … That could mean that they already consider fraud as a possibility of criminalization, but perhaps not as extreme as you mean? He fabricated data, undisclosed sampling and data collection techniques and incorrectly reported results. But I really liked this blogpost. Okay not spooky scary but with: THERE ARE CONSEQUENCES! The herd effect describes the result of less infections of the unimmunized segment of a community due to an increase in immunizations of the community as a whole. S. CIENTIFIC . The earlier fraud is detected, the less misleading information can be spread across journals and media, and the less of a bad image science can get. University of Edinburgh Demands Retraction of Researcher’s Papers. I think your blog covers the idea of misleading data very well. Bhattacharjee, Y. Posted Wed. Wednesday. An in my opinion very sound approach to tackle scientific misconduct is preregistration. By Science News Staff Mar. Chambers, C. (2019). Researchers could commit scientific misconduct by only sending the allegedly predeveloped research and analysis plan after a study has already been performed. Previous and anecdotal evidence suggests that these reach far beyond the fraudulent scientist and (his or) her career, affecting coauthors and institutions. and I agree with you. in your own lab or by a close collaborator, or even in your own field) might damage not only other people’s careers, but also jeopardize your own job, especially if you are an early career scientist. It helped me construct a mental image of the situation, so props for that as well! ... Kornei 10 June 2019. If that were the case, you would have probably opened a new tab by now and looked me up on Facebook in astonishment. New York Times. Degrees of freedom describe the “arbitrary choices researchers can make in the design, collection and analysis and reporting of scientific results.” Types of degrees of freedom range from conducting exploratory research without any hypothesis by inferring an hypothesis after the data analysis to failing to assure the reproducibility of a study by not disclosing data and analytic details. Personally, I think that also that the media plays a big part in certain subjects. The present article is concerned with the symbolism of punishment, using sanctions for scientific misconduct as an exemplary case. Especially in modern times of internet and social media, false information is being spread quickly, and can be used in wrong contexts. I agree with your statement, but what kind of crime belongs to which punishment? (2013, April 26). Discussion Cases for MMS 250 . By looking at a case not traditionally an object for criminology, it seeks to extend existing cultural theories of punishment to incorporate settings that are not defined by penal law but that nonetheless feature phenomena of deviance and punishment. You probably all heard about the case of Diederik Stapels and some of you might be fed up hearing about him, but in light of this topic he could not be left out. All rights reserved. Felicitas Hesselmann, German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), Department 2 ‘Research System and Science Dynamics’, Schuetzenstrasse 6a, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Although not much is known about the prevalence of scientific misconduct, several studies with limited methods have estimated that the prevalence of scientists who have been involved in scientific misconduct ranges from 1% to 2%. The MMR vaccine and autism: Sensation, refutation, retraction, and fraud. Case Summary: Jaiswal, Anil Kumar. The Rules of Procedure for Dealing with ScientificMisconduct were approved on 28 March 2019 in the Senate and on 2 July 2019 … Case Summary: Jayant, Rahul Dev. However, I thought Diederik Stapel also agreed to community service to prevent prosecution. Almost immediately after the Wakefield publication, a number of studies were conducted and published, refuting the link between MMR vaccination and autism and although in my opinion way to late, finally, in 2006, 10 of his 11 co-authors retracted the paper, stating that there was no causal link established between MMR vaccine and autism due to severely insufficient data. Spectacular cases of scientific misconduct have contributed to concerns about the validity of published results in psychology. As stated in your blog, the damage is already done when a misleading study is published. Posted on November 7, 2019 by js9292. prevalence and characteristics of research misconduct have mainly been studied in highly developed countries. Careers dedicated to the hope of a major breakthrough can be vanquished. It is sad to see that science can take such paths especially when it involves health of individuals. At its meeting on 19 September 2019 in Bonn, the Joint Committee of the largest research funding organisation and central self-governing body of the research community in Germany determined several instances of scientific misconduct by Birbaumer and his research associate, Dr. Ujwal Chaudhary. And then it will help us to find the possibility to develop principles to avoid scientific misconduct, at least, to reduce cases of scientific misconduct. Jun 25, 2018. [7,28–34]. Scientific misconduct cases in 2012-2016 Submitted by Hilde.Baeskens on Tue, 02/04/2019 - 3:39pm Read time: 0 mins ERC External Communication strategy 2020 Submitted by Hilde.Baeskens on Tue, 08/01/2019 - 11:41am Read time: 0 mins Guidelines on the Implementation of Open Access to Scientific Publications and Research Data in Projects p. 44. 9/26/2019 … According to the Act (2019:504) on responsibility for good research practice and the examination of misconduct in research, that enters into effect on 1 January 2020, issues of research misconduct are to be examined be a national Board (Board for examination of misconduct in research). ... Sanctions for scientific misconduct as a case for the cultural theory of punishment. Prior studies have used this data to analyze other aspects of scientific misconduct such as different types of accusations and outcomes, sources of funding, trends over time, effects on innocent bystanders etc. Though spreading information to unknowing people, which can kill those people but also spread to others, should be criminalized. Also, the literature that you used in the beginning was very helpful to further understand the concept of misleading data. Stapels made use of different types of degrees of freedom in each and every phase of the research process. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187(17), 1273. doi.10.1503/cmaj.109-5171. People infected with HIV are required to tell partners about their condition, because not doing so can infect others and lead to death. That report explicitly recommends changing regulations that limit effective policies. I do think that you explained both cases well and what went wrong. I also like the fact that you speak about more than kind of occurrence. Since the medical records could not be reconciled with the descriptions, diagnoses, or histories published in the journal, Wakefield, despite haven been called to do so several times, could not replicate his findings. However, I tried it again and now I see that the comment section is open. With providing wrong data or information you must know that you can bring people in all kinds of danger. @ Lecturers: I thought this post wasn’t open for comments either, I apologize for the late comment! Hey man! And most important, they have a big responsibility and influence which should not be misused. In the last couple of decades, (mis)leading data, i.e. You did well in concluding that the two cases you wrote about are one of the best well-known examples in scientific misconduct, but in my opinion, it would have been better to take on of the cases. 9. Well, its been fun noting that the bulk of the issues in places like RetractionWatch are in fields far from geoscience, but we now have our very own cesspool of misbehavior (one that, indeed, RetractionWatch covered but GG missed). Document: Scientific_Misconduct_cases_2018.pdf. It was also very clear because you used images that explained your text. The detection of some spectacular cases ... Zeitschrift für Psychologie (2019), 227(1), 53–63 2019 Hogrefe Publishing. I agree with your statement, I think it is not even that extreme. The high-profile retractions of two COVID-19 studies stunned the scientific community earlier this year and prompted calls for reviews of how science is conducted, published, and acted upon. At least faster than that the misleading data regarding the vaccinations and autism were detected. Your writing style definitely kept me interested while reading your blog. Scientific fraud is a red herring, diverting attention from widespread research misconduct that is having a more damaging effect on science, say experts in research integrity. In poorly developed countries data on research misconduct are scare. 25, 2019 , 1:50 PM. First of all, this is a risky business. https://doi.org/10.34193/EI-A-5787, Rao, T. S., & Andrade, C. (2011). I mean, misleading people to financial ruin is bad but misleading people to movements such as anti-vac can be life-threatening even. Collier, R. (2015). The seven deadly sins of psychology: A manifesto for reforming the culture of scientific practice. RETRACTED: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children.ISO 690. Here, we will look at the third type of misconduct, fabrication. The institution being unwilling to fix anything, I decided to approach the journals. Because of this problem, publishers should always fully stand behind their findings and be aware of the risk that false information can be spread and misused for all kinds of purpose. The Karolinska Institute’s latest decision includes a guilty verdict for one of the whistleblowers who contributed to the investigation. Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research. Although not much is known about the prevalence of scientific misconduct, several studies with limited methods have estimated that the prevalence of scientists who have been involved in scientific misconduct ranges from 1% to 2%. He does not seem motivated about the … 16 Oct. October. prevalence and characteristics of research misconduct have mainly been studied in highly developed countries. Scientific misconduct. Case Summary: Fulford, Logan. While preregistration seems to be an effective construct, it can still be manipulated. As Zulfiqar Bhutta, the co-director of research for the Centre for Global Child Health at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, has perfectly put it: “If someone defrauds tax payers with research money and falsifies data or falsifies entire research results, it is no different than any other form of similar economic crime” (Collier, 2017, p. 1273). ( Log Out / Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. The text kept my attention until the very end. From (mis)leading data to conspiracy theories. Notice Number: NOT-OD-19-140 Key Dates Release Date: September 26, 2019 Related Announcements None Issued by Office of The Director, National Institutes of Health ()Purpose. In 2011, it became public that between the years of 2004 and 2011, Stapels manipulated data sets of his own research as well as that of his doctoral students, which were used in at least 30 published, peer-reviewed papers. Posted on November 7, 2019 by js9292. Your blogpost is well-structured and I liked your writing style and layout. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. 4-6 During the last 5 years, JAMA and the JAMA Network journals have published 12 notices of Retraction about 15 articles (including recent Retractions of 6 … Well, its been fun noting that the bulk of the issues in places like RetractionWatch are in fields far from geoscience, but we now have our very own cesspool of misbehavior (one that, indeed, RetractionWatch covered but GG missed). SUBSCRIBE TO … Also remember that not only the PI or first author will be held responsible, but all other authors on the paper, while all the people working in that lab might suffer career damage as well, in case the misconduct is serious enough that the paper will be retr… Duke Pays Whistleblower Millions In Research Fraud Case Duke University is paying the U.S. government $112.5 million to settle accusations that it submitted bogus data to … The term is not thrown around lightly. I think that preregistration for sure would enable researchers to go into a study very structured, and that it would prevent them from changing things or adding hypotheses along the way. Having some kind of punishment will deter others in the community to publish fake and fabricated results. That way, you could have elaborated even more on the vaccinations-example. I therefore totally agree with your statement that criminalization would be a good solution. You have chosen interesting examples to explain the topic. I think there should be criminalization charges, but of course reasonable ones in-line with the severity and intention.
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