2021 Jan 12;11(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13578-021-00528-1. Geographical separation and differences in degree of ploidy most probably account for the differentiation of the five sexual groups. The presence of some fragments specific for apomicts, dominant and co‐dominant, may reflect either post‐hybridization evolution of the parental taxa or an incomplete sampling within parental groups. Supporting this, the two AFLP fragments shared by the hybrids and the R. carpaticola group from south Carpathians, but absent from Slovakian diploids, might be examples of post‐hybridization lineage sorting or fragments unsampled in parents, that otherwise may be still present in their populations. On the other hand, the genome doubling in a newly formed sterile hybrid allows the restoration of its fertility. Microsatellites resulted in genetic marker patterns consistent with degree of ploidy, with one to two bands present for diploids, one to four for tetraploids, and two to six bands apparent per individual for hexaploids. (2006). About half of all higher plant species are recognizable as evolutionarily recent polyploids, where multiple whole genomes or sets of chromosomes have come together from close ancestors (Soltis et al., 2015). Distribution of species and site locations of the 18 populations of the Ranunculus cassubicus complex used in this study. Moreover, the presence of just one allele in either microsatellite locus for a few individuals (20.4% from 54) is better explained by autopolyploidy, as a consequence of random segregation of alleles from tetrasomic inheritance. 1) in wetter habitats, such as swampy and riverine forests. 2021 Feb 12;19(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s43141-021-00131-4. This mechanism of inheritance of apomixis via introgression after hybridization involving at least one asexual parent is relatively common (e.g. Overall, sexual R. carpaticola seems to be not yet highly genetically differentiated from diploid R. cassubicifolius, probably as a consequence of a relatively short period of geographic separation, estimated as c. 317 000 years from isozyme data (Hörandl, 2004). These fragments show no clinal change, which would have suggested a broad hybrid zone, and in general twice as many fragments seem to be inherited from the tetraploid parent as from the diploid one. However, an alternative possibility might be that the hexaploid level results as a product of the combination of unreduced gametes in a more than a one‐step process involving back‐crossings, otherwise slightly contradicted by the apparent 2 : 1 ratio of the tetraploid to diploid parental genomes in the composition of the hybrids, at least in terms of the characteristic dominant fragments inherited from the parents (Figs 4 and 5). More than 35 per cent angiosperms are polyploids. Biogeographic interpretation of Split Graphs: Least Squares Optimization of branch length, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01738.x, Májovský & Murin, 1987, Hörandl & Greilhuber, 2002, http://hordeum.msu.montana.edu/genographer/, Slovakia, Slovenské rudohorie, Revúca, hill Skalka (forest), Slovakia, Slovenské rudohorie, Revúca, hill Pavlusove bane (forest), Romania, South Carpathians, Mt. An unrooted Neighbour‐Joining (NJ) dendrogram derived from the Nei‐Li distance matrix among the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns of 281 unique genotypes: shaded, R. carpaticola 2x, Romanian (Ro) and Slovakian (Sk) populations; unshaded, R. cassubicifolius 2x (dotted line), R. cassubicifolius 2xAu/Hu (dotted and dashed line) and 4x (dashed line). 2012 Apr;55(4):301-11. doi: 10.1007/s11427-012-4310-2. A summary of the descriptive statistics, calculated with Arlequin version 3.0 (Excoffier et al., 2005) for the AFLP data and with SPAGeDi version 1.1 (Hardy & Vekemans, 2002) for the SSR data is presented in Table 2. Circles, diploid R. carpaticola (open, Romanian, closed, Slovakian); squares, diploid R. cassubicifolius (open, HAMM population; closed, Bavarian); triangles, polyploids (open, 4x R. cassubicifolius; closed, 6x R. carpaticola). Evolution of Upland Cotton: Cotton is one of the major fibre crops of global importance. Ngoot-Chin T, Zulkifli MA, van de Weg E, Zaki NM, Serdari NM, Mustaffa S, Zainol Abidin MI, Sanusi NSNM, Smulders MJM, Low ETL, Ithnin M, Singh R. Planta. Introgression from other microspecies for the appearance of apomixis in hexaploid R. carpaticola cannot be completely excluded.
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