There are three major forms of the disease: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. Around the world, there are between 1,000 and 2,000 cases of plague each year. Handling sick or dead animals (especially rodents and cats) should be avoided. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. However, these costumes were far less common and emerged much later, in the 17th century. Albert Camus (1913-1960) is set in the Algerian city of Oran overrun ", Velendzas, Demetres, MD, and Susan Dufel, MD. Along with. ), Bacteria that invade the bloodstream directly (without involving the lymph nodes) cause septicemic plague. Septicemic plague has a mortality rate of 40% in treated cases and 100% in untreated cases. In the theological account of disease drawn primarily from the Hebrew Bible, the cure for the plague is not medical but spiritual: repent of sin and return to God. The test kit was developed by the German military and has a high degree of accuracy as well as speed in identifying the plague bacillus. The great pandemics of the past occurred when wild rodents spread the disease to rats in cities, and then to humans when the rats died. time by a Japanese bacteriologist Shibasaburo Kitasako. SEPTICAEMIA and pneumonic plague are especially dangerous complications. Though the image is iconic the relationship may be a little anachronistic. home/medterms medical dictionary a-z list / plague definition. Life-threatening complications of plague include shock, high fever, problems with blood clotting, and convulsions. ©1996-2021 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Bldg. Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. About 10-15 Americans living in the southwestern United States contract plague each year during the spring and summer. The plague doctor mask is one of the most recognizable symbols of the Black Death. The connections between large active trading ports, rats coming off the ships, and the severe outbreaks of the plague were understood by people at the time. Some people and/or animals with bubonic plague go on to develop. Alternative Names Return to top. Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Rodents are the prime reservoir for the bacteria. The fleas bite the Bioterrorism -- The General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of the US Congress, in a 1999 report considered plague to be a "possible, but not likely" biologic threat for terrorism, as it is difficult to acquire a suitable strain of Y. pestis and to weaponize and distribute it. people in southern China. Because immunization requires multiple doses over a 6-10 month period, plague vaccine is not recommended for quick protection during outbreaks. As soon as plague is suspected, the patient should be isolated, and local and state departments notified. Division of Emerging and Other Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Control. These reduce the mortality to less than 5%. Bacterial Diseases (Healthtouch). Usually this begins one to seven days after exposure. plague. Y. pestis mainly infects rats and other rodents. 2. an infectious, epidemic disease caused by a bacterium, Yersinia pestis, characterized by fever, chills, and prostration, transmitted to humans from rats by means of the bites of fleas. Pets can be treated with insecticidal dust and kept indoors. Another route for infection came from rats coming off ships that had traveled from heavily infected areas. Untreated pneumonic plague is almost always fatal, however, and the chances of survival are very low unless specific antibiotic treatment is started within 15-18 hours after symptoms appear. Also known as the ‘black death’. The organism is transmitted to humans who are bitten by fleas that have fed on infected rodents or by humans handling infected animals.Known as the Black Death during medieval times, today plague occurs in fewer than 5,000 people a year worldwide. Pneumonic plague patients should be completely isolated until sputum cultures show no sign of infection. True plague is a highly contagious, infectious, virulent, devastating disease due to a bacteria called Yersinia pestis which mainly infects rats and other rodents that serve as the prime reservoir for the bacteria.
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